AG Agricultural Engineering
Section 1: Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrices and determinants, systems of linear equations, Eigen
values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Limit, continuity and differentiability; partial derivatives; maxima and
minima; sequences and series; tests for convergence; Fourier series, Taylor series.
Vector Calculus: Gradient; divergence and curl; line; surface and volume integrals;
Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.
Differential Equations: Linear and non-linear first order Ordinary Differential Equations
(ODE); Higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s
equations; Laplace transforms; Partial Differential Equations - Laplace, heat and
wave equations.
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; random
variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; correlation and regression
analysis; tests of significance, analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations;
numerical integration - trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; numerical solutions of ODE.
Section 2: Farm Machinery
Machine Design: Design and selection of machine elements – gears, pulleys, chains
and sprockets and belts; overload safety devices used in farm machinery;
measurement of force, torque, speed, displacement and acceleration on machine
elements.
Farm Machinery: Soil tillage; forces acting on a tillage tool; hitch systems and
hitching of tillage implements; functional requirements, principles of working,
construction and operation of manual, animal and power operated equipment for
tillage, sowing, planting, fertilizer application, inter-cultivation, spraying, mowing,
chaff cutting, harvesting, threshing and transport; testing of agricultural machinery
and equipment; calculation of performance parameters - field capacity,
efficiency, application rate and losses; cost analysis of implements and tractors.
Section 3: Farm Power
Sources of Power: Sources of power on the farm - human, animal, mechanical,
electrical, wind, solar and biomass; bio-fuels.
Farm Power: Thermodynamic principles of I.C. engines; I.C. engine cycles; engine
components; fuels and combustion; lubricants and their properties; I.C. engine
systems – fuel, cooling, lubrication, ignition, electrical, intake and exhaust; selection,
operation, maintenance and repair of I.C. engines; power efficiencies and
measurement; calculation of power, torque, fuel consumption, heat load and
power losses.
Tractors and Powertillers: Type, selection, maintenance and repair of tractors and
powertillers; tractor clutches and brakes; power transmission systems – gear trains,
differential, final drives and power take-off; mechanics of tractor chassis; traction
theory; three point hitches- free link and restrained link operations; mechanical
steering and hydraulic control systems used in tractors; tractor tests and
performance.
Human engineering and safety in design of tractor and agricultural implements.
Section 4: Soil and Water Conservation Engineering
Fluid Mechanics: Ideal and real fluids, properties of fluids; hydrostatic pressure and
its measurement; hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surface; continuity
equation; Bernoulli’s theorem; laminar and turbulent flow in pipes, Darcy- Weisbach
and Hazen-Williams equations, Moody’s diagram; flow through orifices and
notches; flow in open channels.
Soil Mechanics: Engineering properties of soils; fundamental definitions and
relationships; index properties of soils; permeability and seepage analysis; shear
strength, Mohr’s circle of stress, active and passive earth pressures; stability of
slopes.
Hydrology: Hydrological cycle and components; meteorological parameters, their
measurement and analysis of precipitation data; runoff estimation; hydrograph
analysis, unit hydrograph theory and application; stream flow measurement; flood
routing, hydrological reservoir and channel routing.
Surveying and Leveling: Measurement of distance and area; instruments for
surveying and leveling; chain surveying, methods of traversing; measurement of
angles and bearings, plane table surveying; types of leveling; theodolite traversing;
contouring; computation of areas and volume.
Soil and Water Erosion: Mechanics of soil erosion, soil erosion types, wind and water
erosion, factors affecting erosion; soil loss estimation; biological and engineering
measures to control erosion; terraces and bunds; vegetative waterways; gully
control structures, drop, drop inlet and chute spillways; earthen dams.
Watershed Management: Watershed characterization; land use capability
classification;rainwater harvesting structures,check dams and farm ponds.
Section 5: Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Soil-Water-Plant Relationship: Water requirement of crops; consumptive use and
evapotranspiration; measurement of infiltration, soil moisture and irrigation water
infiltration.
Irrigation Water Conveyance and Application Methods: Design of irrigation
channels and underground pipelines; irrigation scheduling; surface, sprinkler and
micro irrigation methods, design and evaluation of irrigation methods; irrigation
efficiencies.
Agricultural Drainage: Drainage coefficient; planning, design and layout of surface
and sub-surface drainage systems; leaching requirement and salinity control;
irrigation and drainage water quality and reuse.
Groundwater Hydrology: Groundwater occurrence; Darcy’s Law, steady flow in
confined and unconfined aquifers, evaluation of aquifer properties; groundwater
recharge.
Wells and Pumps: Types of wells, steady flow through wells; classification of pumps;
pump characteristics; pump selection and installation.
Section 6: Agricultural Processing Engineering
Drying: Psychrometry – properties of air-vapors mixture; concentration and drying of
liquid foods – evaporators, tray, drum and spray dryers; hydrothermal treatment;
drying and milling of cereals, pulses and oilseeds.
Size Reduction and Conveying: Mechanics and energy requirement in size
reduction of granular solids; particle size analysis for comminuted solids; size
separation by screening; fluidization of granular solids-pneumatic, bucket, screw
and belt conveying; cleaning and grading; effectiveness of grain cleaners;
centrifugal separation of solids, liquids and gases.
Processing and By-product Utilization: Processing of seeds, spices, fruits and
vegetables; By-product utilization from processing industries.
Storage Systems: Controlled and modified atmosphere storage; perishable food
storage, godowns, bins and grain silos.
Section 7: Dairy and Food Engineering
Heat and Mass Transfer: Steady state heat transfer in conduction, convection and
radiation; transient heat transfer in simple geometry; working principles of heat
exchangers; diffusive and convective mass transfer; simultaneous heat and mass
transfer in agricultural processing operations; material and energy balances in food
processing systems; water activity, sorption and desorption isotherms.
Preservation of Food: Kinetics of microbial death – pasteurization and sterilization of
milk and otherliquid foods; preservation of food by cooling and freezing;
refrigeration and cold storage basics and applications.
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