indian polity notes

                                 Indian Polity Notes

           

          Indian Polity Notes 

      (data is according to time when it is written)

**Indian constitution is World's lengthiest written constitution, had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules at the

time of commencement. Now Constitution of India has 471 articles in 25 parts and 12 schedules.

* There are 125 amendments have been made in the Indian constitution so far.

Indian polity noes on constitution and its parts

Part                                           Subject                                                              Articles

Part I                   The Union and its territory                                          Art. 1 to 4

Part II                               Citizenship                                                      Art. 5 to 11

Part III                      Fundamental Rights                                              Art. 12 to 35

Part IV                           Directive Principles                                             Art. 36 to 51

Part IVA                         Fundamental Duties                                            Art. 51A

Part V                               The Union                                                        Art. 52 to 151

Part VI                                The States                                                        Art. 152 to 237

Part VII                                      Repealed by Const. (7th Amendment) Act, 1956

Part VIII                              The Union Territories                                 Art. 239 to 242

Part IX                                The Panchayats                                          Art. 243 to 243O

Part IXA                          The Muncipalities                                      Art. 243P to 243ZG

Part IXB                   The Cooperative Societies                          Art. 243ZH to 243ZT

Part X                      The Scheduled and Tribal Areas                       Art. 244 to 244A

Part XI                     Relations between the Union andthe States         Art. 245 to 263

Part XII                Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits                    Art. 264 to 300A

Part XIII               Trade, Commerce and 

                         Intercoursewithin the Territory of India                         Art. 301 to 307

Part XIV                 Services under the Union and the States                   Art. 308 to 323

Part XIVA                          Tribunals                                                       Art. 323A to 323B

Part XV                             Elections                                                         Art. 324 to 329A

Part XVI              Special provisions relating to certain classes               Art. 330 to 342

Part XVII                Official Language                                                       Art. 343 to 351

Part XVIII                   Emergency Provisions                                            Art. 352 to 360

Part XIX                           Miscellaneous                                                   Art. 361 to 367

Part XX              Amendment of the Constitution                                            Art. 368

Part XXI                  Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions     Art. 369 to 392

Part XXII                         Short title, commencement,authoritative text in Hindi and repeals

Indian polity notes on Facts about constitution:

*Constitution of India is the biggest constitution in the world.

* It contains 471 articles and 12 schedules and is divided into 25 sections.

*It was designed in 2 years, 11 months and 18 days.

*The idea of a Constituent Assembly was put forward by M.N. Roy in 1934 . It was accepted by the      British in the August Offer of  1940.

*The  Constituent Assembly was established in  accordance with the Cabinet Mission Plan.

*The president of constitution assembly was SACHIDANANDA SINHA.

* The constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on November 26th 1949 and it came into effect on January 26 th 1950 .

* 284 members of the constitution signed the document on 24 th January 1950 and it was

implemented two days later on 26 th January 1950

* Constitution day  was celebrated for the first time on 26 th November 2015

* The original copies are kept in special helium filled cases in the Library of the Parliament of

     India.

* Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected  permanent chairman of assembly.

*  A Drafting committee of 7 members was set up under the chairmanship of Dr. B.R.       Ambedkar.

*  Shri B N Rau was appointed as legal advisor to the  constituent Assembly.

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Indian polity notes on Preamble :

Preamble

            WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having

solemnly resolved to constitute

India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST

SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

and to secure to all its citizens:

JUSTICE, social, economic and

political;

LIBERTY

of thought, expression, belief,

faith and worship;

EQUALITY

of status and of

opportunity;

and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY

assuring the dignity of

the individual and the unity and

integrity of the Nation.

                                        Indian polity notes on Fundamental Rights :

                                               ( Fundamental Rights : Part III     Articles 12 - 35 )

 ARTICLE 12 : DEFINITION

ARTICLE 14 : EQUALITY BEFORE LAW

ARTICLE 15 : PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION ON GROUNDS OF               RELIGION,RACE, CASTE, SEX OR PLACE  OF BIRTH.

ARTICLE 16 : There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or  appointment to any office under the  State.

ARTICLE 17 : ABOLITION OF  UNTOUCHABILITY

ARTICLE 18 : ABOLITION OF  TITLES

ARTICLE 19 : PROTECTION OF CERTAIN RIGHTS REGARDING FREEDOM OF                                                   SPEECH, ETC.

ARTICLE 20 : PROTECTION IN RESPECT OF CONVICTION FOR OFFENSES

ARTICLE 21 : PROTECTION OF LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY

Article 21A: Right to education

ARTICLE 22 : PROTECTION AGAINST ARREST AND DETENTION IN CERTAIN CASES


ARTICLE 23 : PROHIBITION OF TRAFFIC IN HUMAN BEINGS AND FORCED LABOUR

ARTICLE 24 : PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN (No child below the age                                of fourteen years)

ARTICLE 25 : FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AND FREE PROFESSION, PRACTICE AND

                            PROPAGATION OF RELIGION

ARTICLE 26 : FREEDOM TO  MANAGE RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS

ARTICLE 27 : FREEDOM AS TO PAYMENT OF TAXES FOR PROMOTION OF                                                ANY PARTICULAR RELIGION

ARTICLE 28 : FREEDOM AS TO ATTENDANCE AT RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION OR                                   RELIGIOUS  WORSHIP IN CERTAIN  EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

ARTICLE 29 : PROTECTION OF  INTERESTS OF MINORITIES

ARTICLE 30 : RIGHT OF MINORITIES TO ESTABLISH AND ADMINISTER                                                  EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS

ARTICLE 32 : REMEDIES FOR  ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTSCONFERRED BY THIS                                 PART

ARTICLE 33 : POWER OF PARLIAMENT TO MODIFY THE RIGHTS CONFERRED BY                               THIS PART IN THEIR APPLICATION TO FORCES

ARTICLE 34 : RESTRICTION ON RIGHTS CONFERRED BY THIS PART WHILE                                         MARITAL LAW IS IN FORCE IN ANY AREA

ARTICLE 35 : LEGISLATION TO GIVE EFFECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF

                           THIS PART